SURGERY OUTCOME: PAIN
Jackson RP, Simmons EH, Stripinis D 1983. Spine 8: 749-758. Incidence and severity of back pain in
adult IS. (Montreal)(paper in 'surgery--pain')
SURGERY--PULMONARY
Baydur A, Carlson M 1996 Lung 174: 99-118. Immediate response to inspiratory resistive loading in
anesthetized patients with kyphoscoliosis: spirometric and neural effects
Baydur A, Swank SM, Stiles CM, Sassoon CS 1990 Respiratory mechanics in anesthetized young patients
with kyphoscoliosis. Immediate and delayed effects of corrective spinal surgery. Chest 97: 1157-
1164
Borowitz D, Armstrong D, Cerny F 2001 Ped Pulmonology 31: 86-88. Relief of central airways following
spinal release in a patient with IS.
Chen SH, Huang TJ, Lee YY, Hsu RWW 2002 Pulmonary function after thoracoplasty in AIS CORR 399:
152-161 (also Complications)
Dickson RA Spine 27: 761 Comment.
Dunford M, Donoghue J, Power G, Mitten-Lewis S 2001 Managing ventilatory insufficiency and failure in
a patient with kyphoscoliosis: a case study. Australian Critical Care 14: 165-169 (abs)
Gagnon Sylvain, Jodoin Alain, Martin Richard 1989 Spine 5: 486- Pulmonary function test study and after
spinal fusion in young IS (Orthop Surgery and Chest Med, Montreal)
Gazioglu Kuddusi, Goldstein Louis A, Femi-Pearse Deji, Yu Paul N 1968 J Bone Jt Surg 50-A: 846 Study
of respiratory function in IS: Comparative evaluation before and afer orthopedic correction of the
curvature (Rochester NY) (Abstract)
Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Yong Y, Blanke K 2000 Spine 25: 2319-2325.
Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anteriour spinal fusion
for AIS.
IBID 1968 J Bone Jt 50-A: 1391- Full paper
Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim KL, Steger-May K. 2005. Pulmonary function in AIS relative to the
surgical procedure. JBJt Surg A87: 1534-1541.
Kinnear WJM, Johnston IDA 1993 Does Harrington instrumentation improve pulmonary function in
adolescents with IS? A meta-analysis. Spine 18: 1556-1559 (Nottingham)
Kinnear WJM, Kinnear GC, Watson L, Web JK, Johnston IDA 1992 Pulmonary function after spinal
surgery for IS Spine 17: 708-713 (Univ Hosp, Nottingham, Orthop Hosp, Mansfield)
Lenke Lawrence G, Bridwell Keith H, Blanke Kathy, Baldus Christy 1995 Spine 20: 1343-50 Analysis of
pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes after thoracoplasty in IS (Wash U Orthop
Surg, Shriners hosp)
Lenke LG, White DK, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR 2002 Evaluation of ventilatory
efficiency during exercise in patients with IS undergoing spinal fusion. Spine 27: 2041-2042
Ogilvie James W, Schendel Michael J 1988 Spine 13: 39- Calculated thoracic volume as related to
parameters of scoliosis correction. (Univ Minn Hosp, Minneapolis)
Pehrsson Kerstin, Nachemson Alf, Olofson Jan, Strom Kerstin, Larsson Sven 1992 Spine 17: 714-
Respiratory failure in scoliosis and other thoracic deformities; a survey of patients with home
oxygen or ventilator therapy in Sweden. (Lung Med and Orthop, Goteborg)
Pehrsson K, Danielsson A, Nachemson A 2001 Thorax 56: 388-393. Pulmonary function in AIS: a 25 year
followup after surgery or start of brace treatment.
Rawlins BA, Winter RB, Lonstein JE, Denis F, Kubic PT, Wheeler WB, Ozolins AL 1996 J Pediatric
Orthop 16(3):284-292 Reconstructive spine surgery in pediatric patients with major loss in vital
capacity.
Rizzi Pablo E, Winter Robert B, Lonstein John E, Denis Francis, Perra Joseph H 1997 Spine 22: 2517-31
Adult spinal deformity and respiratory failure (Argentina, Spine Center Minn)
Sakic K, Pecina M, Pavicic F 1992 Respiration 59: 327-331. Cardiorespiratory function in surgically
treated thoracic scoliosis with respect to degree and apex of scoliotic curve
Schneerson JM, Edgar MA 1979 Thorax 34: 658-661 Cardiac and respiratory function before and after
spinal fusion in AIS (Resp Phys Lab, Cardiothoracic Inst, Brompton, and Orthopedic Hosp,
London
Swank SM, Winter RB, Moe JH 1982 Scoliosis and cor pulmonale. Spine 7: 343-354.
Upadhyay SS, Ho EKW, Gunawardene WMS, Leong JCY, Hsu LCS 1993 J Bone Jt Surg 75-A: 46-52
Changes in residual volume relative to VC and total lung capacity after arthrodesis of the spine in
patients with AIS
Upadhyay comment by R. Malcolm Smith, Robert Dickson, Orthop Surg, Leeds.
Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Haas J, Linville DA 2000 Spine 25: 82-90 A prospective
evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with AIS relative to the surgical approach used for
spinal arthrodesis (Wash U)
Vedantam R, Crawford AH 1997 Spine 22: 2731-2734. The role of preoperative pulmonary function tests
in patients with AIS undergoing posterior spinal fusion
Wazeka AN, DiMaio MF, Boachie-Adjei O 2004 Spine 29: 528-535. Outcome of pediatric patients with
severe restrictive lung disease following reconstructive spine surgery.
White DK, Lenke LG, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR 2001 Proceedings of the Scoliosis
Research Society 36th Annual Meeting. Can IS fusion improve aerobic efficiency during
exercise?
Wong Conroy A, Cole Ashley A, Watson Laura, Webb John K, Johnston I an DA, Kinnear William JM
1996 Pulmonary function before and after anterior spinal surgery in adult idiopathic
scoliosis.Thorax 52: 534-536 (Depts of Resp Med, Human Morph, Spinal Surgery, Univ Hosp,
Nottingham UK)
Wood Kirkham B, Schendel Michael J, Dekutoski Mark B, Boachie-Adjei Ohenoba, Heithoff Kenneth H.
1996 Spine 21: 718-723 Thoracic volume changes in scoliosis surgery (Twin Cities Scoliosis
Spine Center, MN, Mayo Clinic, Rochestr; Hosp for Special Surgery,NY)
SURGERY: REVIEWS
Akbarnia Behrooz A 1988 Orthop Clinics NA 19: 319- Selection of methodology in surgical treatment of
AIS (Orthop Surgery, St Louis Univ, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital)
Asher M 1982 Harrington's: The Human Spine. in. Pathogenesis of IS. Rae Jacobs, ed. SRS, Chicago.
Asher M 2002 Is this as good as it gets? It may be. Studies in Health Technol & Informatics 91: 486-8.
Betz RR, Shufflebarger H 2001 Spine 26: 1095-1100. Anteriour vs postrior instrumentation for the
correction of thoracic IS (abs)
Boudreaux AM, Tilden SJ 2002 Anes Clinics NA 20: 227-40. Ethical dilemmas for pediatric surgical
patients
Bradford DS, Kay BKB, Hu SS 1999 Spine 24: 2617-2629. Adult scoliosis: surgical indications, operative
management, complications and outcomes
Bridwell Keith H 1994 Spine 19: 1095-1100 Spine Update--Surgical treatment of AIS: the basics and the
controversies (Wash U, Orthop Surgery)
Bridwell KH 1996 Instructional Course Lectures 45: 109-115. Load sharing principles: the role and use of
anterior structural support in adult deformity.
Bridwell KH 1997 CORR 335: 64-72. Spinal instrumentation in the management of AIS
Bridwell KH 1998 J Orthop Sci 3: 125-34. Normalization of the coronal and sagittal profile in IS: options
of treatment.
Bridwell KH 1999 Spine 24: 2607-2616. Surgical treatment of AIS.
Crawford AH, Wall EJ, Wolf R 1999 Orthop Clinics of NA 30: 367-85. Video-assisted thoracoscopy
Csernatony Z, Szepesi K, Gaspar L, Kiss L 2002 Medical Hypotheses 58: 498-502. Contradictions of
derotation in scoliosis surgery using the CD principle.
Drummond DS 1991 Clin Orthop Related Res 264: 90-102 A perspective on recent trends for scoliosis
correction (Philadelphia)
Groopman Jerome 2002 The New Yorker April 8, 66-73. A knife in the back--is surgery the best approach
to chronic back pain?
Hall JE 1998 Spinal surgery before and after Paul Harrington. Spine 23 (12): 1356-1361
Hopf C 2000 Orthopade 29: 500-506. Criteria for the treatment of IS between 40-50 degrees. Operative vs
conservative therapy. Kiel Germany
Illes T, Bellyei A, Kranicz J, Bardosi L 1999 Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases 58: 202-5. The
surgical treatment of spinal deformities in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University
Medical School of Pecs, Hungary: history and development
Kostuik John P 1990. J Bone Jt 72-A: 1108- Current concepts review, operative treatment of IS. (Toronto)
Krismer M, Behensky H, Frischhut B, Winner C, Ogon M 2002 Surgical treatment of IS and juvenile
kyphosis. Orthopade 31: 260-33
Kumar K 1996 Spine 21: 653-5. Spinal deformity and axial traction
Lenke LG, Richards S 2004 J Ped Orthop 24: 329-341. Debate: resolved, a 55 degree right thoracic AIS
curve should be treated by posterior spinal fusion and segmental instrumentation using thoracic
pedicle screws (in Surgery Reviews)
Majd ME, Holt RT, Castro FP 2003 Selection of fusion levels in scoliosis surgery. J Spinal Disorders &
Techniques 16: 71-82
Martinelli AM (nursing review)
Mielke Cary H, Lonstein John E, Denis Francis, Vandenbrink Keith, Winter Robert B 1989 J Bone Jt Surg
71-A: 1170-1177. Surgical treatment of AIS: A comparative analysis (Minnesota Spine Center)
Mohaideen A, Nagarkatti D, Banta JV, Foley CL 2000 Ped Radiology 30: 110-8. Not all rods are
Harrington- an overview of spinal instrumentation in scoliosis treatment.
Nazon D, Abergel G, Hatem CM 2003 Critical Care Clinics 19: 33-53. Critical care in orthopedic and spine
surgery.
Ogilvie James W 1988. Orthop Clinics NA 19: 313-317. Anterior spine fusion with zielke instrumentation
for IS in adolescents. (MN)
Phillips William A, Hensinger Robert N 1988 Wisconsin and other instrumentation for posterior spinal
fusion (Univ Michigan)
Renshaw Thomas S 1988. Orth Clinics of NA 19: 257-269. Role of Harrington instrumentation and
posterior spine fusion in the management of AIS (Connecticut)
Sarwark JF, Kramer A 1998 Curent Opinion in Pediatrics 10: 82-6
Shands AR, Barr JS, Colonna PC, Noall L. 1941. End-result study of the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
Report of the Research Committee of the American Orthopedic Association. J Bone Jt Surg 23:
963-977
Stasikelis PF, Pugh LI, Allen BL 1998 J Ped Orthopedics, Part B 7:111-6. Surgical correction in scoliosis:
a meta-analysis
Szappanos L, Balogh E, Szeszak F, Olah E, Nagy Z, Szepesi K 1997 Acta Chirurgica Hungarica 36: 343-5.
IS--new surgical methods or search for the reasons
WEISSMANN, J.S., ANNAS, C.L., EPSTEIN, A.M.: Error reporting and disclosure systems. Views from
hospital leaders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293: 1359-1366, 2005.
Winter et al 1988. Orthopedic Clinics of NA 19: table of contents. reviews
Winter RB 2000 Innovation in surgical technique. The story of spine surgery. CORR 378: 9-14.
Winter RB, Lonstein JE 2003 Spine 28: 948-52. A meta-analysis of the literature on the issue of selective
thoracic fusion for the King-Moe Type II curve pattern in AIS
TREATMENT: Brace
Andersen MO, Andersen GR, Thomsen K, Christensen SB 2002 Early weaning might reduce the
psychological strain of Boston bracing: a study of 136 patients with AIS at 3.5 years after
termination of brace treatment. J Ped Orthop Part B 11: 96-99.
Aubin Carl-Eric, Labelle Hubert, Ruszkowski Alexandra, Petit Yvan, Gignac Denis, Joncas Julie,
Dansereau Jean 1999. Spine 24: 349-354. Variability of strap tension in brace treatment for AIS.
(St-Justine, Montreal)
[Aubin Carl-Eric, Dansereau Jean, deGuise Jacques A, Labelle Hubert 1997. Spine: 22: 629-635. Rib cagespine
coupling patterns involved in brace treatment of AIS. (St-Justine)]--IN 'RIBCAGE
MECHANICS' FILE
Bowen JR, Keeler KA, Pelegie S 2001 Orthopedics 24: 967-970. AIS managed by a nighttime bending
brace (abs)
Cochran GVB, Waugh TR 1969 J Bone Jt 51-A:201 External forces in correction of IS.
Cochran T, Nachemson A 1985 Spine 10: 127-133 Long term anatomic and functional changes in patients
with AIS treated with Milwaukee brace
d'Amato CR, Griggs S, McCoy B 2001 Spine 26: 2006-2012. Nighttime bracing with the Providence brace
in Adolescent girls with IS.
Danielsson J, Nachemson A. 2001. Spine 26: 516-525. Radiologic findings and curve progression 22
years after treatment for AIS: comparison of brace and surgical treatment with matching control
group of straight individuals. (Goteberg)
Dickson Robert A 1999 Spinal deformity--AIS. Nonoperative treatment. Spine 24: 2601-2606
DiRaimondo and Green 1988 J Pediatric Orthopedics Brace-wear compliance in patients with AIS
Edmonson AS 1969 J Bone Jt Surg ..202. Evaluation of Milwaukee Brace treatment.
Galante J, Schultz A, Dewald R, Day RD 1969 J Bone Jt Surg52-A 498 Forces acting in Milwaukee brace
on patients undergoing treatment for AIS
Galante J, Schultz AB, DeWald R, Ray RD. 1969 J Bone Jt Surg 51-A:201 Measurements of forces during
correction of IS with Milwaukee brace
Gepstein R, Leitner Y, Zohar E, Angel I, Shabat S, Pekarsky I, Friesem T, Folman Y, Katz A, Fredman
MB 2002 Effectiveness of the charleston bending brace in the treatment of single-curve IS. J Ped
Orthop 22: 84-87
Goldberg CJ, Moore DP, Fogarty EE, Dowling FE 2001. Spine 26: 42-47 AIS: The effect of brace
treatment on incidence of surgery.
Harrington PR 1968 Am J Bt Surg 836 Critical observations of IS: A concept of nonoperative treatment.
Howard Andrew, Wright james G, Hedden Douglas 1998. Spine 23: 2404-2411. A comparative study of
TLSO, charleston, Milwaukee braces for IS. (Ottawa, Toronto)
Karol LA 2001 Spine 26: 2001-2005. Effectiveness of bracing in male patients with IS
Katz DE, Durani AA 2001 Spine 26: 2354-2361. Factors that influence outcome in bracing large curves in
patients with AIS
Katz Donald E, Stephens Richards, Richard H. Browne, John A Herring. 1997. Spine 22: 1302-1312. A
comparison between the boston brace and the charleston bending brace in AIS. (Texas Scottish
Rite Hospital, Dallas.)
Kehl and Morrissey 1987 Clinical Orthopedics and related research 229: 34 Brace treatment in AIS
Kliment, J. M. and Sanchez, J. Impact of the type of brace on the quality of life of Adolescents with Spine
Deformities Spine. 24(18):1903-1908, 1999.
Korovessis Panagiotis, Kyrkos Christos, Piperos, Brigoris, Soucacos Panayotis N. 2000 Spine 25: 2064
Effects of thoracolumbosacral orthosis on spinal deformities, trunk asymmetry and frontal lower
rib cage in AIS (Patras Greece) (Orthopedic Dept, Spine Unit)
Korovessis et al 1996 Spine 21: 1979 Long term altertions of respiratory function in adolescents wearing a
brace for AIS
Kotwicki T. Pietrzak S. Szulc A. Three-dimensional action of Cheneau brace on thoracolumbar scoliosis.
Studies in Health Technology & Informatics. 88:226-9, 2002. (copy in Proceedings volume)
Lindeman Marjaana Ph.D., Kaisu Behm M.Psych. 1999. J Ped Orthop 19: 493-499 Cognitive strategies
and self esteem as predictors of brace wear noncompliance in patients with IS and kyphosis.
(Helsinki Finland)
Lonstein John E, Winter Robert B 1994. J Bone Jt Surg 76-A: 1207-1221. the milwaukee Brace for the
treatment of AIS. A review of 1020 patients. (Minn Spine Center)
Miller J, Nachemson A, Schultz A 1984. Spine 9: 632. Effectiveness of braces in mild IS
Moe JH, Nettleson DN 1970 Idiopathic Scoliosis--analysis of curve patterns and preliminary results of
Milwaukee brace treatment in 169 patients (Minnesota)
Montgomery et al 1990 J Ped Orthop Long term followup of patients with AIS treated conservatively:
analysis of the clinical value of progression
Murphy V, Hoppenfeld S, Casino C, Lonner B 2001 Proceedings of the Scoliosis Research Society 36th
Annual Meeting. The effect of full time bracing with the Boston Thoracolumbar orthosis on vital
capacity in scoliosis patients.
Nachemson Alf L, Peterson Lars-Erik, brace study group of SCR 1995 J Bone Jt Surg 77-A: 815-822.
Effectiveness of treatment with a brace in girls who have AIS. A prospective, controlled study
based on data from the brace study of the SRC. (Goteborg)
Nicholson GP, Ferguson-Pell MW, Smith K, Edgar M, Morley T 2003 Spine 28(19):2243-50. The
objective measurement of spinal orthosis use for the treatment of AIS
Noonan KJ, Weinstein SL, Jacobson WC, Dolan 1996 Use of the Milwaukee brace for progressive IS. J
Bone Jt. Surg 78: 557-567
Odermatt D, Mathieu PA, Beausejour M, Aubin CE, Labelle H 2001 Proceedings of the Scoliosis Research
Society 36th Annual Meeting. EMG study of AIS patients treated with the Boston brace.
O'Neill PJ, Karol LA, Shindle MK, Elerson EE, BrintzenhofeSzoc KM, Katz DE, Farmer KW, Sponseller
PD 2005 Decreased orthotic effectiveness in overweight patients with AIS. J Bone Jt Surg 87A:
1069-1074
Perie D, Sales DJ, Hobatho MC 2002 Biomechanical evaluation of Cheneau-Toulouse-Munster brace in the
treatment of scoliosis using optimization approach and finite element method. Med Biol
Engineering and Computing 40: 296-301
Price CT, Scott DS, Reed FE, Riddick MF 1990. Nighttime bracing for AIS with the charleston bending
brace: preliminary report. Spine 15: 1294-1299
Price Charles T, Scott Donald S, Reed Frederick R, Sproul Jack T, Riddick Max F. 1997. J Ped Orthop 17:
703-707. Nighttime bracing for AIS with the charleston bending brace: long-term follow up.
(Orlando Regional Healthcare Systems, Florida)
Refsum et al 1990 Spine 144: 420 Pulmonary function and gas exchange at rest and exercise in adolescent
girls with mild idiopathic scoliosis during treatment with the boston brace.
Rogala E, Drummond D, Gurr J 1978. J Bone Jt Surg 60A: 173. Scoliosis: incidence and natural history.
Schmitz A, Kandyba J, Jaeger U, Koenig R, Schmitt O 2002 Brace effect in scoliosis in the saggital plane--
an MRI study. Z fur Orthopadie and Ihre Grenzgebiete 140: 347-50
Snyder et al 1995 Spine 20: 1554-1560. Does bracing affect bone density in AIS? (Boston
Hospital/Harvard Med school)
Spoonamore MJ, Dolan LA, Weinstein SL 2004 Use of the Rosenberger brace in the treatment of
progressive AIS. Spine 29: 1458-1464
Trivedi JM, Thomson JD 2001 J Ped Orthop 21: 277-80. Results of Charleston bracing in skeletally
immature patients with IS
Upadhyay SS, Nelson IW, Ho EKW, Hsu LCC, Leong JCY 1995. Spine 20: 537-545. New prognostic
factors to predict the final outcome of brace treatment in AIS. (Hong Kong)
VanRhijn LW, Plasmans CM, Veraart BE 2002 Changes in curve pattern after brace treatment for IS. Acta
Orthop Scandin 73: 277-81 (also Diagnosis/classification)
Wever DJ, Tonseth KA, Veldhuizen AG, Cool JC, van Horn JR 2000 Clinical Orth and Rel Res 377: 169-
179. Curve progression and spinal growth in brace treated IS (Netherlands)
Wong MS, Liu WC 2003 Critical review on non-operative management of AIS. Prosthetics & Orth Interntl
27: 242-253
BRACE AND EXERCISE/Physical Therapy
Blount Walter P MD, Jane Bolinske BS 196? Physical Therapy 47: 919- Physical therapy in the
nonoperative treatment of scoliosis (Orthop surg, Marquette Univ & Phys therapist)
Carman Deanna LPT, Roach James W MD, Speck Gail MD, Wenger Dennis R MD, Herring John A MD
1985. J Ped Orthop5: 565-68 (Texas Scottish Rite, Dallas)
McCollough Newton C III, Schultz Mark, Javech Nestor, Latta Loren 1981. J. Ped Orthop 1: 141-152.
Miami TLSO in the management of scoliosis: Preliminary results in 100 cases. (Univ Miami)
Miyasaki Rodney A, MA 1980. Physical Therapy 60: 1005- Immediate influence of the thoracic flexion
exercise on vertebral position on milwaukee brace wearers (Phys Therapy MS degree, SLC) (Salt
Lake City)
CHIROPRACTORS/OSTEOPATHY AND SCOLIOSIS
Arbuckle BE, DO 1970 Scoliosis capitus. Journal Americal Osteopathic Association 70: 131-137
Blum CL 2002 Chiropractic and pilates therapy for the treatment of adult scoliosis. J Manip Physiol
therapeutics 25: E3. (also Adult Scoliosis)
Danbert RJ 1989 J Manip Phys Ther 12: 38-45. Scoliosis: biomechanics and rationale for manipulative
treatment; review of the literature (U.S.)
Feise RJ 2001 J Manip and Physiol Therap 24: 177-82. An inquiry into chiropractors intention to treat
AIS: a telephone survey.
Herzog W, Kats M, Symmons B, 2001. Spine 26: 2105-2111. The effective forces transmitted by highspeed,
low-amplitude thoracic manipulation.
Jull G, Trott P, Potter H, Zito G, Niere K, Shirley D, Emberson J, Marschner I, richardson C 2002 A
randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache.
Spine 27: 1835-1843
Lantz CA, Chen J 2001. J Manip Physiol Ther 24: 385-393. Effect of chiropractic intrvention on small
scoliotic curves in younger subjects: A time-series cohort design
Niesluchowski Wieslaw MD, Dabrowska Anna, Kedzior Krzysztof Kedzior, Zagrajek Tomasc 1999. J
Manip Phys Therapeutics 22: 540- The potential role of brain asymmetry in the development of
AIS: a hypothesis
Tarola G 1994 J Manip and Phys Ther 17:253 Manipulation for control of back pain and curve progression
in patients with skeletally mature IS: Two cases (U.S.A.)
MANIPULATION AND COMPLICATIONS (CHIROPRACTORS/OSTEOPATHS/PT)
Assendelft WJJ, Bouter LM, Knipschild PG 1996 Complications of spinal manipulation: A comprehensive
review of the literature. J Family Practice 42: 475-480.
DiFabio RP 1999 Manipulation of the cervical spine: risks and benefits. Phys Therapy 79: 50-65.
Dvorak J, Orelli FV 1985 How dangerous is manipulation to the cervical spine? Case report and results of
a survey. Manual Medicine 2: 1-4.
Dvorak J, Valach L, Schmid S 1987 Injuries of the cervical spine in Switzerland. Orthopade 16: 2-12.
Johnson K, Pasquarello G 2003 Position paper on osteopathic manipulation of the cervical spine. AAO
Newsletter;
http://www.academyofosteopathy.org Malone DG, Baldwin NG, Tomecek FJ, Boxell CM, Gaede SE, Covington CG, Kugler KK 2002
Complications of cervical spine manipulation therapy: 5-year retrospective study in a single-group
practice. Neurosurg Focus 13(6)
Patijn J 1991 Complications in manual medicine: a review of the literature. J Manual Med 6: 89-92
Powell FC, Hanigan WC, Olivero SC 1993 A risk/benefit analysis of spinal manipulation therapy for relief
of lumbar or cervical pain. Neurosurgery 33: 73-79
Rothwell DM, Bondy SJ, Williams JI 2001 Chiropractic manipulation and stroke: a population-based case
control study. Stroke 32: 1054-1060
Rydell N, Raf L 1999 Spinal manipulation--treatment associated with a high risk of complications.
Lakartidningen 96: 3536-3540.
Shekelle PH, Phillips RB, Cherkin DC, Meeker WC 2001 Benefits and risks of spinal manipulation.
Chapter XI (www.chiroweb.com/archives)
Vick DA, McKay C, Zengerle CR 1996 The safety of manipulative treatment: a review of the literature
from 1925-1993. JAOA 96: 113-115
Physical Medicine: Methods (Findley)
Fellechner BL. Findley TW. Malpractice in physical medicine and rehabilitation. A review and analysis of
existing data. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 70(3):124-8, 1991 Jun.
Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. I. How to ask the question. American
Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 68(1):26-31, 1989
Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. II. The conceptual review of the literature or
how to read more articles than you ever want to see in your entire life.[see comment]. American Journal of
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 68(2):97-102, 1989 Apr.
Findley TW. Daum MC. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. III. The chart review or how to
use clinical data for exploratory retrospective studies. American Journal of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation. 68(3):150-7, 1989 Jun.
Reilly RP. Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. IV. Some practical designs in
applied research. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 68(4):196-201, 1989 Aug.
Findley TW. Stineman MG. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. V. Data entry and early
exploratory data analysis. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 68(5):240-51, 1989
Oct
Findley TW. Daum MC. Macedo JA. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. VI. Research
project management. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 68(6):288-99, 1989 Dec.
Findley TW. Daum MC. Stineman MG. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. VII. The role of
the principal investigator. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 69(1):39-45, 1990 Feb.
Buchner DM. Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. VIII. Preliminary data
analysis. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 69(3):154-69, 1990 Jun.
Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. IX. Primary data analysis. [Review] [27
refs] American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 69(4):209-18, 1990 Aug.
Davis AM. Findley TW. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation X. Information resources.
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 69(5):266-78, 1990 Oct.
Findley TW. DeLisa JA. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. XI. Research training: setting
the stage for lifelong learning. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 69(6):323-9, 1990
Dec.
Johnston MV. Findley TW. DeLuca J. Katz RT. Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. XII.
Measurement tools with application to brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation. 70(1):40-56, 1991 Feb.
EXERCISE/NONSURGICAL
Birbaumer N, Flor H, Cevey B, Dworkin B, Miller NE 1994 J Psychosom Res Behavioral treatment of
scoliosis (19) and kyphosis (8). (Penn/Yale/NYU/Tubingen)
Bjerkreim R, Carlsen B, Korsell E 1982 Preoperative cotrel traction in IS Acta orthop scand 53: 901-905
Bjure J, Grimby G, Nachemson 1969 Acta Orthop Scandinav 40: 325-333. The effect of physical training
in girls with idiopathic scoliosis (Sweden)
Dixon RA, Leatherman KD 1978. Acta orthop scand 49: 46-48. Cotrel traction, exercises, casting in the
treatment of IS, A pilot study and prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. (Kosair
Scoliosis Treatment Center, Louisville KY)
Dworkin et al 1985 PNAS 82: 2493-2497 Behavioral method for treatment of IS
Ferraro C, Masiero S, venturin A, Pigatto M, Migliorino N 1998 Effect of exercise therapy on mild IS:
Preliminary results. Europa Medicophysica 34: 25-31
Fisher DA, Rapp GF, Emkes M 1988 IS: Transcutaneous muscle stimulation vs the Milwaukee brace.
(U.S., Presented at 1987 meeting of Am Acad Orthop Surgeons)
Goldberg C, Dowling FE, Fogarty EE, Regan BF, Blake NS 1988 Electrospinal stimulation in children with
AIS. Spine 13: 482-484.
Hanten WP, Olson SL, Butts NL, Nowicki AI 2000. PT 80: 997-1003. Effectiveness of a home program of
ischemic pressure followed by sustained stretch for treatment of myofascial trigger points.
Hides JE et al 2001 Spine 26: E243-E248. Long term effects of specific stabilizing exercises for firstepisode
low back pain.
Hrysomallis C, Goodman C 2001 J Strength Conditioning Research 15: 385-390. A review of resistant
exercise and posture realignment.
Juskeliene Vida et al 1996. Int J Epidemiol 25: 1053- Prevalence and risk factors for asymmetric posture in
preschool children aged 6-7 years. (Lithuania, Norway)
Mehta M H 1986 J Bone Jt Surg 68: 682 (London) Active auto-correction for early AIS
Maruyama T, Kitagawa T, Takeshita K, Nakamura K 2001 Proceedings of the 36th Annual SRS Meeting.
Side shift exercise for the treatment of IS after skeletal maturity
Maruyama T, Kitagawa T, Takeshita K, Mochizuki K, Nakamura K: Conservative treatment for AIS: can it
reduce the incidence of surgical treatment? Pediatric Rehabilitation 2003, 6: 215-219
Mooney V, Gulick J, Pozos R 2000 J Spinal Disorders 13: 102-107 A preliminary report on the effect of
measured strength training in AIS
Mooney V, Brigham V 2003 Orthopedics 26: 167-171. The role of measured resistance exercises in
adolescent scoliosis.
Negrini S, Antonini G, Carabalona R, Minozzi S 2003 Physical exercises as a treatment fo AIS. A
systematic review. Pediatric Rehabilitation 6: 227-236
Negrini S, Aulisa L, Ferraro C, Fraschini P, Masiero S, Simonazzi P, Tedeschi C, Venturin A 2005 Eur
Medicophys 41: 183-201. Italian guidelines in rehabilitation of adolescents with scoliosis or other
spinal deformities.
Ogon M, Riedl-Huter C, Sterzinger W, Krismer M, Spratt KF, Wimmer C 2001. Clinical Orthopedics Rel
Research 390: 151-162. Radiological abnormalities and low back pain in elite skiers
Otman S, Kose N, Yakut Y 2005 The efficacy of Schroth's 3-dimensional exercise therapy in the treatment ...